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 December 9th, 2016, 11:50 AM #1 Newbie   Joined: Dec 2016 From: Natal - Brazil Posts: 10 Thanks: 0 Linear combination Let S = {p1, p2, p3} be the set formed by the polynomials p1 (x) = 1 + x - x ^ 2 + x ^ 3, p2 (x) = 1 + x ^ 2 + x ^ 3 and p3 (x ) = 1 - x + x ^ 2. Find p (x) = 1 + 3x - 17x ^ 2 - 5x ^ 3 as a linear combination of S. The coordinate vector of p (x) written on base S is?
 December 9th, 2016, 04:35 PM #2 Senior Member     Joined: Sep 2015 From: CA Posts: 1,202 Thanks: 613 let $bx = (1,~x,~x^2,~x^3)$ $S = bx \begin{pmatrix} 1 &1 &1 \\ 1 &0 &-1 \\ -1 &1 &1 \\ 1 &1 &0 \end{pmatrix}$ $p = bx\cdot (1, 3, -17, -5)$ we are looking for a coefficient matrix $c$ such that $Sc = p$ $c = bx \cdot (1, 3, -17, -5)$ $bx \begin{pmatrix} 1 &1 &1 \\ 1 &0 &-1 \\ -1 &1 &1 \\ 1 &1 &0 \end{pmatrix} c = bx \cdot (1, 3, -17, -5)$ $\begin{pmatrix} 1 &1 &1 \\ 1 &0 &-1 \\ -1 &1 &1 \\ 1 &1 &0 \end{pmatrix} c = (1, 3, -17, -5)$ you can solve this matrix equation in the usual fashion. I leave it to you so show that $c = (9, -14, 6)$ and thus $p =1+3x-17x^2-5x^3= 9(1 + x - x^2 + x^3) - 14(1 + x^2 + x^3) + 6(1 - x + x^2)$ the coordinate vector of p with respect to the basis S should be pretty obvious Thanks from mosvas
 December 10th, 2016, 07:07 AM #3 Math Team   Joined: Jan 2015 From: Alabama Posts: 2,409 Thanks: 612 Equivalently: You want numbers a, b, and c such that p= ap1+ bp2+ cp3 That is, you want 1+ 3x- 17x^2- 5x^3= a(1+ x- x^2+ x^3)+ b(1+ x^2+ x^3)+ c(1- x+ x^2) = a+ ax- ax^2+ ax^3+ b+ bx^2+ bx^3+ c- cx+ cx^2 = (a+ b+ c)+ (a- c)x+ (-a+ b+ c)x^2+ (a+ b)x^3 In order that two polynomials be the same for all x, the "corresponding coefficient" must be the same so you must have a+ b+ c= 1 a- c= 3 -a+ b+ c= -17 a+ b= -5 That is four equations for only three unknowns- it might be that this vector, p, is not in the three dimensional subspace of the four dimensional space of polynomials of order three or less spanned by these three vectors. (Notice that the second equation can be written c= a- 3 and the fourth as b= -a- 5. Put those into the first and third equations.) p1 (x) = 1 + x - x ^ 2 + x ^ 3, p2 (x) = 1 + x ^ 2 + x ^ 3 and p3 (x ) = 1 - x + x ^ 2. Find p (x) = 1 + 3x - 17x ^ 2 - 5x ^ 3

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