My Math Forum Principal Components Analysis Question

 February 14th, 2019, 02:40 PM #1 Senior Member   Joined: Jan 2017 From: Toronto Posts: 209 Thanks: 3 Principal Components Analysis Question Consider the following set of three-dimensional points D = {(0,2,1), (0,4,3), (1,4,5), (1,8,6), (1,8,10), (4,8,14), (5,9,13)} (a) Find the least squares estimate for z taken as a function of x and y. (b) Find the least squares estimate for x taken as a function of y and z. (c) Find the best fit plane, in term of principal component analysis. My answers (a) Finding the best fit plane for z taken as a function of x and y A + 0B + 2C = 1 A + 0B + 4C = 3 A + 1B + 4C = 5 A + 1B + 8C = 6 A + 1B + 8C = 10 A + 4B + 8C = 14 A + 5B + 9C = 13 LeastSq(A, B, C) = { -0.331, 1.385, 0.877 } New points that lie on the projection plane: x: 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 4.000 5.000 y: 2.000 4.000 4.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 9.000 z: 1.423 3.176 4.561 8.068 8.068 12.222 14.483 (b) Finding the best fit plane for x taken as a function of y and z A + 2B + 1C = 0 A + 4B + 3C = 0 A + 4B + 5C = 1 A + 8B + 6C = 1 A + 8B + 10C = 1 A + 8B + 14C = 4 A + 9B + 13C = 5 LeastSq(A, B, C) = { 1.714, 6.143, 7.429 } New points that lie on the projection plane: x: -0.356 0.156 1.040 0.737 2.505 4.274 3.645 y: 2.000 4.000 4.000 8.000 8.000 8.000 9.000 z: 1.000 3.000 5.000 6.000 10.000 14.000 13.000 (c) Finding the variances of plane(a) and plane(b). Avg(D) = (1.714, 6.143, 7.429) Var(Proj(Avg, Plane(a))): 29.175 Var(Proj(Avg, Plane(b))): 30.515 Plane(a) has smaller variance, therefore Plane(a) is a better fit plane. Are my answers correct at all??? Last edited by zollen; February 14th, 2019 at 02:48 PM.
 February 14th, 2019, 03:54 PM #2 Senior Member   Joined: Sep 2016 From: USA Posts: 578 Thanks: 345 Math Focus: Dynamical systems, analytic function theory, numerics I get the same plane as you for (a). However, for (b) I get the plane with coefficients: $(-0.4255, -0.1863, 0.4421)$. I'm using MATLAB for the matrix arithmetic so I'm inclined to trust it but you never know I might have made a mistake somehow. In any case double check your work. For (c) I think you have misunderstood what the question is asking (or I have). I don't think it is asking you to determine whether the plane from (a) or (b) is better. I think it is asking you to find the "true" best fit plane, which is going to be whatever plane is generated by the 2 dominant principal components (the left singular vectors corresponding to the 2 largest singular values). For this you should compute a SVD. That is my understanding of what (c) is asking anyway. I would say the question is not specific enough so if you are in doubt ask your instructor. Thanks from zollen
 February 14th, 2019, 04:06 PM #3 Senior Member   Joined: Jan 2017 From: Toronto Posts: 209 Thanks: 3 You are correct. I made a mistake with question b. Let me work on c with SVD... Thanks for the tips!! EigenVectors(A): x: 0.205 -0.520 0.829 y: 0.586 0.743 0.322 z: 0.784 -0.420 -0.457 The best fit plane is: 0.829x + 0.322y - 0.457z = 0 Last edited by zollen; February 14th, 2019 at 04:29 PM.

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